Nuts (commonly known as screw caps) are generally hexagonal, which is quite familiar to us and doesn't seem strange at all. But if you think about it carefully, the question arises: What is the reason that nuts must be made hexagonal? Are quadrilateral and triangular ones also quite good?
It seems unlikely to examine who made the first hexagonal nut. Even any book about machine parts would not mention who discovered it. In fact, it was not invented by anyone. Instead, it is the crystallization of the intelligence of the working people and the best structure derived from practice.
The nuts are made hexagonal mainly for the convenience of use and to maximize the utilization of materials. On the machine, the area where the nut is installed is sometimes not very spacious, and the range of motion for the wrench used to tighten the nut is very limited. For hexagonal nuts, you only need to turn the wrench 60 degrees at a time. Then the nut can be tightened slowly. The four-corner nuts need to be turned 90 degrees each time. That is to say, the space left to tighten the nut is smaller for hexagonal nuts. However, due to the small contact surface between the wrench and the octagonal nut, it is prone to slipping and is rarely used. Therefore, hexagonal nuts are the most convenient to use.
Nuts are generally milled from round materials. For the same round bar, less metal is cut off when used to make a hexagonal nut compared to a four-corner nut. Therefore, hexagonal nuts made from round bars of the same thickness are much larger than four-corner nuts. Generally speaking, in terms of strength, large nuts are always stronger than small ones, which means that the raw materials are utilized to the greatest extent.
Let's take a look at the wrench. The handle and the opening of a regular wrench can form a 30-degree Angle. So when the place where the nut is to be installed is very narrow and the wrench cannot move freely, just pull one nut with the wrench, then turn the wrench over and pull the nut again. Repeat this process several times, and the nut can be tightened.
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